Metacognitive ability has been described as an important predictor of several processes involved in learning, including problem-solving. Although this relationship is fairly documented, little is known about the mechanisms that could modulate it. Given its relationship with both constructs, we decided to evaluate the impact of self-knowledge on PS. In addition, we inspected whether emotional and interpersonal variables could affect the relationship between metacognition and problem-solving. We tested a sample of 32 undergraduate students and used behavioural tasks and self-report questionnaires. (...) Contrary to the literature, we found no significant relationship between metacognition and problem-solving performance, nor a significant moderating effect when including emotional and interpersonal variables in the model. In contrast, we observed a significant moderating model combining metacognition, self-reported anxiety and attitudes towards social interdependence. It was found that participants with high metacognition reported attitudes unfavourable towards interdependence when they felt high anxiety. These results suggest that already anxious individuals with high metacognition would prefer to work alone rather than with others, as a coping mechanism against further anxiety derived from cooperation. We hypothesise that in anxiogenic contexts, metacognition is used as a tool to compare possible threats with one’s own skills and act accordingly, in order to maximise one’s own performance. Further studies are needed to understand how metacognition works in contexts adverse to learning. (shrink)

RESUMEN El artículo estudia la epistemología o los fundamentos de la interpretación. Tradicionalmente se han enfrentado dos: las que interpretan analíticamente usando conceptos, ideas y palabras, y las que lo hacen desde la vida y señalan que la palabra limita la comprensión de ciertas realidades. Mauricio Beuchot defiende un punto intermedio a partir de la analogía. Sin embargo, se argumenta que esta interpretación se encuentra en del marco analítico y, más allá de ella, es posible realizar un abordaje experiencial (...) de la analogía. Esta aproximación inaugura un modelo de interpretación que integra las dos concepciones de la epistemología mencionadas. ABSTRACT The article discusses the epistemology or grounds of interpretation. Traditionally, there has been a debate between those who interpret analytically, using concepts, ideas, and words, and those who do so on the basis of life and hold that words limit the understanding of certain realities. Mauricio Beuchot defends an intermediate point of view based on analogy. The article argues that this interpretation remains within the analytical framework, and that it is possible to go beyond that and adopt an experiential approach to the analogy. This approach constitutes a new model of interpretation that combines the two above-mentioned epistemological conceptions. (shrink)

Se analizan las bases hermenéuticas de toda decisión ética. La normatividad moral exige una comprensión de las circunstancias, porque solo desde su intelección se puede realizar un buen juicio ético. Si, para Peter Singer, las herramientas para tal aprehensión son de tipo racional, Mauricio Beuchot las amplía por medio de la intuición y la sutileza. Se discute si las pretensiones argumentales de Singer se actualizan en sus obras. The article analyzes the hermeneutical bases of all ethical decisions. Moral norms (...) require an understanding of the circumstances, since good ethical judgments can only be made on that basis. While for Peter Singer, the tools for that understanding are rational, Mauricio Beuchot expands them through intuition and subtlety. The paper discusses whether Singer's claims are substantiated in his works. Neste artigo, analisam-se as bases hermenêuticas de toda decisão ética. A normatividade moral exige uma compreensão das circunstâncias, porque só a partir de seu entendimento se pode realizar um bom juízo ético. Se, para Peter Singer, as ferramentas para a apreensão são de tipo racional, Mauricio Beuchot as amplia por meio da intuição e da sutileza. Discute-se se as pretensões argumentais de Singer se atualizam em suas obras. (shrink)

Social commerce as a subset of e-commerce has been emerged in part due to the popularity of social networking sites. Social commerce brings new challenges to marketing activities. And social commerce transactions like e-commerce transactions can be dangerous and cause harmful losses to personal finances, time, and information privacy. This article examines ethical issues and consumer assessments of the risks of using an e-service and how risk affects consumer evaluations and usage of Internet-based services and self-service technologies. Results from two (...) surveys totaling 1024 consumers indicated that as usage risk concerns increased, the perceived usefulness of an e-service and intention to use it decreased. Additionally as usage risk concerns increased the effect of subjective norm on PU and intention to use an e-service strengthened, and the effect of perceived ease of use on PU and intention to use an e-service weakened. These findings advance theory and contribute to the foundation for future research aimed at improving our understanding of how consumers evaluate new e-services, new commerce systems and settings, and self-service technologies in the social commerce era. (shrink)

Although the correlation between Entrepreneurial Orientation and concrete actions to set up a business or the Probability of Starting a Business has been widely studied, the psychological factors that can affect this relationship have not yet been sufficiently addressed in the field of entrepreneurship. One of them is curiosity. Both at theoretical and empirical level, a distinction are usually made between two types of curiosity. I-type curiosity is associated with the anticipated pleasure of discovering something new, and D-type curiosity is (...) associated with reducing uncertainty and eliminating unwanted states of ignorance. Consequently, this paper aims to analyze the moderating role that the types of curiosity play in the relationship between EO and PSB, considering their interaction with sociodemographic variables. The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 1,761 participants. The EO scale and a curiosity scale were applied. In addition, participants were asked, based on their perception, how likely they were to start their own business within the next 5 years. A simple moderation analysis was considered to test the moderating role of both types of curiosity in the relationship between EO and PSB. Next, a double moderation analysis was carried out in order to identify, which sociodemographic variables moderate the moderating effect of curiosity. The results show that only the D-type component moderates the relationship between EO and PSB: The higher the D-type curiosity, the stronger the association between EO and PSB. In terms of sociodemographic variables, neither culture nor gender showed a moderating effect on the moderation exerted by D-type curiosity. While, age did moderate the moderating effect of D-type curiosity on the relationship between EO and PSB. Results are discussed in terms of spirituality and the resolution of problems associated with the entrepreneurial process, considering cognitive and psychological factors, particularly with an emphasis on explaining why only D-type curiosity shows a moderating effect. Finally, the limitations of the study and potential future lines of research are pointed out. (shrink)

IntroductionThe idea of video recording in the operating room with panoramic cameras and microphones is a new concept that is changing the approach to medical activities in the OR. However, VR in the OR has brought up many concerns regarding patient privacy and has highlighted legal and ethical issues that were never previously exposed.AimTo review the literature concerning these aspects and provide a better ethical and legal understanding of the new challenges concerning VR in the OR.ConclusionsThere is a disparity between (...) the two main legal models concerning VR in the OR, namely the European legal system ) and the American legal framework ). This difference mainly deals with two distinct bioethical paradigms: GDPR places a strong emphasis on protecting patients’ privacy to improve the public health system, whereas HIPAA indicates the need to generate protocols to safeguard the risks connected to medical activity and patient privacy. Following from this point, we may argue that, at the ethical and bioethical level, GDPR and HIPAA depend mainly on two different ethical models: a perspective based on moral acquaintances and weak proceduralism, respectively. It is worth noting the importance of developing additional guidelines concerning different world regions to avoid the ethical problems that may emerge when simply applying a foreign paradigm to a very different culture. (shrink)

There is vast evidence that accounts for the association between entrepreneurial orientation and the probability of starting a business. However, there are not many studies that test how psychological factors moderate this relationship. A variable that has been little studied in this relationship is Grit. Grit is considered a personality trait defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Grit considers two sub-dimensions, one linked to the consistency of interests and the other linked to perseverance in the effort. The objective (...) of this article is to analyze the moderating role that both sub-dimensions of grit plays in the relationship between EO and PSB, considering its interaction with sociodemographic variables such as age, gender, and culture. This cross-sectional study has a sample of 1,761 participants, active workers. The EO scale and a Grit Scale were applied. In addition, participants were asked, based on their perception, how likely they were to start their own business within the next 5 years. A simple moderation analysis was considered to test the moderating role of grit in the relationship between EO and PSB. Subsequently, a double moderation analysis was carried out in order to identify which sociodemographic variables moderate the moderating effect of grit on the relationship in question. The results show that only the Grit-Passion component of grit moderates the relationship between EO and PSB. Regarding the sociodemographic variables, neither age, culture, nor gender showed a moderating effect on the moderation exercised by Grit-Passion in the relationship between OE and PSB. The results are discussed in terms of psychological capital, particularly with an emphasis on explaining why only the Grit-Passion shows a moderating effect on the relationship between EO and PSB, in detriment of Grit-Perseverance. In addition, the power of grit in the field of entrepreneurship is discussed, considering that its moderating effect is transversal to variations in age, gender and culture, as well as its relevance when considering interventions and pedagogical models in the field of entrepreneurship. (shrink)

Depersonalization is characterised by a profound disruption of self-awareness mainly characterised by feelings of disembodiment and subjective emotional numbing.It has been proposed that depersonalization is caused by a fronto-limbic suppressive mechanism – presumably mediated via attention – which manifests subjectively as emotional numbing, and disables the process by which perception and cognition normally become emotionally coloured, giving rise to a subjective feeling of ‘unreality’.Our functional neuroimaging and psychophysiological studies support the above model and indicate that, compared with normal and clinical (...) controls, DPD patients show increased prefrontal activation as well as reduced activation in insula/limbic-related areas to aversive, arousing emotional stimuli.Although a putative inhibitory mechanism on emotional processing might account for the emotional numbing and characteristic perceptual detachment, it is likely, as suggested by some studies, that parietal mechanisms underpin feelings of disembodiment and lack of agency feelings. (shrink)

The role of academic satisfaction on persistence and successful academic behavior has been the focus of research for decades. Nevertheless, driven by positive educational psychology, subjective well-being has been highlighted as another central feature in the academic path of students. Studies aimed at identifying the variables that contribute to explain different aspects of academic performance have been widely investigated, although studies aimed at identifying the determinants of subjective well-being are still limited. The present paper examined the contribution of AS judgments (...) on subjective well-being. To this end, it was hypothesized that SWB levels depend on the balance between positive/negative emotions and life satisfaction judgments. Furthermore, it was stipulated that AS has an indirect contribution on SWB, through life satisfaction, whereas the balance of emotions influences both AS judgments and life satisfaction. Using an analysis strategy based on structural equation modeling, the results indicated that the model fitted satisfactorily, explaining 32% of the variance of SWB. Particularly, it was observed that AS judgments contributed to life satisfaction judgments. Although no direct contribution of AS on SWB was reported, a total contribution partially mediated by life satisfaction judgments was revealed. These findings support the importance of academic satisfaction judgments, not only because of their importance in academic terms, but also because of their impact on university students’ subjective well-being and health. (shrink)

Locke's definition of miracles in “A Discourse of Miracles” is widely cited by scholars as evidence of his subjectivism on the matter. According to this interpretation, Locke held it to be sufficient that an event seems to be a violation of the laws of nature for it to count as a miracle. Nothing supernatural need actually occur. The principal aim of this article is to argue that Locke can and ought to be read as an objectivist about miracles. A subjectivist (...) reading falls short in two crucial respects: It undermines the function of miracles as evidence for divine revelation, so central to his account, and is at odds with his consistent and explicitly objective use of the term, as an event that necessarily involves a violation of the laws of nature. Indeed, it is from their objective nature that Locke thinks miracles derive their evidential force. A key part of my argument lies in distinguishing between ontological and epistemological issues concerning miracles and demonstrating how this distinction is present throughout his work on the matter. Ultimately, I conclude that what is often interpreted as Locke's subjectivism about miracles is his privileging of these epistemic issues. (shrink)

Agrippa’s Problem: The purpose of this paper is to present the triple problem of Agrippa that questions the possibility of reaching an epistemological justification of empirical knowledge. A possible reconstruction of such problem is one that is based on the problem of the regresum ad infinitum –one of Agripa’s modes. In this paper, a reconstruction of this problem will be presented by means of a reduction ad absurdum argument. The attempts of solving the absurd lead to the remaining two modes (...) of Agrippa’s triple problem. (shrink)

The benefits of implementing the methodology of Philosophy for/with Children are clear. Nevertheless, an excessive emphasis on critical thinking skills weakness its application in groups at risk of social exclusion. These groups require a profound transformation and not just a better way of thinking. This is due to the cognitive dissonance provoked when one only works with discourse: session participants can learn to give good answers without becoming able to apply them outside of philosophical settings. One way to address this (...) limitation is to design an experiential reason, something described, in part, by Mathew Lipman. If life experience determines children’s identity construction, it is crucial to investigate its meaning and how it is articulated. Therefore, an Experiential Philosophy with Children, the topic of this paper, does not focus exclusively on the discursive work rooted in critical thinking. Rather, it is based on three pillars: the creation of experiential exercises, the promotion of provisions that encourage the transformative capacity of these exercises, and the design of experiential scenarios and metaphors that promote the attainment of transformative truths. This article describes the limitations of the cognitive approach of philosophical work with children, summarizes the bases of experientiality, and adds a brief appendix on the work done at the University of Seville in non-profit associations like the Maparra Project of Caritas. (shrink)

Background Prison creates philosophical needs due to the exceptionality of the situation. This study explores how philosophy can meet these needs by focusing on three aspects: critical thinking, personal relationships and the government of passions. It builds on similar interventions in several countries and is proposed as a research that bypasses some limitations of previous projects in prisons.Method Following the participation of 81 inmates in 22 philosophical sessions over six months, the results of both interventions were analyzed using mixed methods, (...) as well as a pretest posttest design with a control group. Specifically, Webster’s Self Assessed Wisdom Scale, a questionnaire and an interview with four participants were used. These methods were triangulated in order to obtain data from the various methodologies and to improve the validity and reliability of the results.Results It was demonstrated that the experimental group showed significant progress in relation to the categories “openness”, “humor” and “emotion regulation”. Participants also showed a progression in categories related to the project’s goals. These results allow for a description of the categories that explain in what sense philosophy can act in the context of imprisonment.Conclusions This study demonstrates, on the one hand, how philosophy workshops involve outcomes linked to cognitive, affective and relational aspects. Furthermore, it provides evidence to confirm previous studies and interventions that are more modest in their results and use less rigorous scientific methodologies. (shrink)

Luhmann’s theory has been commonly considered as a radical overcoming of the traditional philosophy. The interpreters often refer to the non-ontological background of the theory as the criticism of the conscience's centrality, the emphasis in conflict and distinction and the influence of sciences as cybernetic, biology and mathematics. In the present paper we try to demonstrate that there is also an important philosophical heritage in the Luhmann’s sociological work: the Hegelian heritage. We refer to four main points: the congruence of (...) being and thought; the being as the unity of unity/distinction; the rationality as auto-reference and the congruence between theory and society. The focus of our analysis is on the complications of the system theory when it tries to eliminate the idea of spirit. La teoría de Luhmann ha sido considerada comúnmente como una radical superación de la filosofía tradicional. Los interpretes se refieren frecuentemente a los antecedentes no ontológicos de esta, como la crítica a la centralidad de la conciencia, el énfasis en el conflicto y la distinción y la influencia de ciencias como la cibernética, la biología y las matemáticas. En el presente artículo se intenta demostrar que existe también otra importante herencia en la obra sociológica de Luhmann: la herencia hegeliana. Los principales puntos analizados son: la congruencia entre ser y pensamiento; el ser como unidad de unidad/distinción; la racionalidad como auto-referencia y la congruencia entre teoría y sociedad. El enfoque de nuestro análisis radica en las dificultades de la teoría de sistemas al intentar eliminar la idea de espíritu. (shrink)

I argue against theories that attempt to reduce scientific representation to similarity or isomorphism. These reductive theories aim to radically naturalize the notion of representation, since they treat scientist's purposes and intentions as non-essential to representation. I distinguish between the means and the constituents of representation, and I argue that similarity and isomorphism are common but not universal means of representation. I then present four other arguments to show that similarity and isomorphism are not the constituents of scientific representation. I (...) finish by looking at the prospects for weakened versions of these theories, and I argue that only those that abandon the aim to radically naturalize scientific representation are likely to be successful. (shrink)

The article turns to Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of state capitalism and their theorization of money and debt in their critique of capitalism to develop an analysis of the governmental management of the current crisis determined by ordo- and neoliberalism. The paper argues that analyses which fail to properly recognize the power of capital to determine both state apparatuses and economic policy thereby fail to grasp the real functioning of money, debt and the Euro in the crisis and end up (...) unwittingly supporting liberalism. This is true of positions such as heterodox theory that, though critical of conventional and neoliberal political economy, nevertheless continue to uphold the state as an independent or mediating mechanism in relation to the power of capital. The neglect of the role which money plays in the strategies of capital to control both the creation of value and the functioning of the state is to be found even in Foucault’s genealogy of neoliberalism, a neglect which undermines his analysis of power. The paper highlights the implications of the standpoint of state capitalism for a more incisive analysis of the current crisis that reveals what is at stake for political struggles. (shrink)

El artículo estudia la epistemología o los fundamentos de la interpretación. Tradicionalmente se han enfrentado dos: las que interpretan analíticamente usando conceptos, ideas y palabras, y las que lo hacen desde la vida y señalan que la palabra limita la comprensión de ciertas realidades. Mauricio Beuchot defiende unpunto intermedio a partir de la analogía. Sin embargo, se argumenta que esta interpretación se encuentra en del marco analítico y, más allá de ella, es posible realizar un abordaje experiencial de la (...) analogía. Esta aproximación inaugura un modelo de interpretación que integra las dos concepciones de la epistemología mencionadas. (shrink)

When we go back-by means of the epoché of the world, following Michel Henry-towards the originary “how” of all manifestation, we stumble once and again upon the phenomenological situation of the body. The body is, then that originary hinge by means of which I manifest world in a continuous resistance. It will be, as well, within my own body where I am always aware of oneself, according to my own affection. Thus, the material condition of the body will be that (...) of my internal body, or subjective body-as Henry initially read in Maine de Biran-or that of my flesh, as Henry himself would later say. Bearing all this in mind, the intermediate situation of one’s own affection, of this body of mine, with regard to the world and the videor, turns out to be an appropriate medium to attempt a preliminary study of the problematic situation of the internal time of affection. For this purpose, we shall revise the analysis offered by Michel Henry in Material Phenomenology and in Incarnation, indicating possible aporias, as well as alternatives to these last ones.Cuando, siguiendo a Michel Henry, retrocedemos en una epoché hacia el “cómo” originario de toda manifestación, tropezamos una y otra vez con la situación fenomenológica del cuerpo. El cuerpo es, pues, esta bisagra originaria a través de la cual yo manifiesto el mundo en continua resistencia. También será dentro del propio cuerpo donde uno será siempre autoconsciente, de acuerdo con la propia afección. Por eso, la condición material del cuerpo será la de mi cuerpo interior o cuerpo subjetivo, de acuerdo con la lectura inicial que Henry hace de Maine de Biran; o de mi carne, como dirá el mismo Henry más tarde. Teniendo en cuenta todo ello, la situación intermedia, situación de la afección propia y la de mi cuerpo en relación con el mundo y el videor, resulta ser un medio apropiado para emprender un estudio preliminar de la problemática situación del tiempo interno de la afección. Para ello, revisaremos el análisis que Michel Henry ofrece en Material Phenomenology y en Incarnation, indicando las posibles aporías, así como posibles alternativas. (shrink)

El artículo estudia la epistemología o los fundamentos de la interpretación. Tradicionalmente se han enfrentado dos: las que interpretan analíticamente usando conceptos, ideas y palabras, y las que lo hacen desde la vida y señalan que la palabra limita la comprensión de ciertas realidades. Mauricio Beuchot defiende un punto intermedio a partir de la analogía. Sin embargo, se argumenta que esta interpretación se encuentra en del marco analítico y, más allá de ella, es posible realizar un abordaje experiencial de (...) la analogía. Esta aproximación inaugura un modelo de interpretación que integra las dos concepciones de la epistemología mencionadas. (shrink)

ResumoNo início do século xviii, Isaac Newton publicou seu principal trabalho sobre óptica, o Opticks. Impregnado por uma perspectiva indutiva, o livro logo se tornou a principal referência para os estudos sobre a luz e as cores, sendo amplamente popularizado pelos seguidores de Newton. Neste artigo, analisamos como dois importantes livros contribuíram para essa popularização e também qual era a imagem de ciência que tencionavam propagar, o Élements de la philosophie de Newton de Voltaire e o Newtonianismo per le dame (...) de Algarotti. Será possível perceber que ambos os autores distorceram o conteúdo do livro de Newton, no intuito de propagar uma imagem idealizada das ideias newtonianas e da própria filosofia natural.In the beginning of 18th century, Newton published his main work about light and colors, the Opticks. Impregnated by an inductive perspective, the book became the major reference for the studies about light and colors, being widely popularized by Newton's followers. In this article, we analyze how two important works contributed to this process of popularization and also what image of science they intended to propagate: Voltaire's Elements of Newton's philosophie and Algarotti's Sir Isaac Newton's philosophy explain'd for the use of the ladies. We will be notice that both authors distorted the content of the Opticks, in order to propagate an idealized image of Newtonian ideas and natural philosophy itself. (shrink)

ResumenEn este artículo se trata de examinar la idea del joven Nietzsche de una metafísica de artista, que de alguna manera conservó después, en su concepción de que el arte es la verdadera metafísica, en contraposición con la metafísica usual. Se pretende resaltar el carácter sumamente analógico de estas ideas de Nietzsche en su primera época.Palabras claveNietzsche, Metafísica, Arte, AnalogíaThis article deals with the idea of young Nietzsche’s about a Metaphysics of Artist, idea that in different ways he preserved along (...) his life, in his conception that Art is the true Metaphysics, opposed to classic and usual Metaphysics. The aim is to call attention to the extremely analogic caracter of these ideas of Nietzsche’s in his first epoque.KeywordsNietzsche, Metaphysics, Arts, Analogy. (shrink)

Starting with the characterization of Baruch Spinoza’s work as a “theory of expression” and with the influence that Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy has on multinaturalist perspectivism, this article speculates on the possibility of a theory of expression for multinaturalism. First, one proceeds to raise some Deleuzian considerations on Spinozist ontology to articulate the influence Deleuze has on the manner in which multinaturalist anthropology dialogues with indigenous mythologies and cosmologies. At last, with the help of some descriptions of Yanomami cosmology, as articulated (...) by Davi Kopenawa and Bruce Albert in The Falling Sky and of provocations raised by authors such as Jean-Christophe Goddard and Fabián Ludueña, this article will investigate the problems of dreams, images and specters a possible way to elaborate a multinaturalist theory of expression. (shrink)

In “The Toolbox of Science” (1995) together with Towfic Shomar we advocated a form of instrumentalism about scientific theories. We separately developed this view further in a number of subsequent works. Steven French, James Ladyman, Otavio Bueno and Newton Da Costa (FLBD) have since written at least eight papers and a book criticising our work. Here we defend ourselves. First we explain what we mean in denying that models derive from theory – and why their failure to do so should (...) be lamented. Second we defend our use of the London model of superconductivity as an example. Third we point out both advantages and weaknesses of FLBD’s techniques in comparison to traditional Anglophone versions of the semantic conception. Fourth we show that FLBD’s version of the semantic conception has not been applied to our case study. We conclude by raising doubts about FLBD’s overall project. (shrink)

Francisco Suárez claims that forms may be efficient causes. There is an action whose proximate efficient cause is a substantial form, namely, the natural resulting. Also a substantial form is the principal efficient cause of the eduction of other forms, although it causes this through the substance’s own accidents. The souls insofar as substantial forms participate of both features. However, they pose a new complexity because of the actions they are exclusively principles of, namely vital actions. This kind of actions (...) may seem no different from natural resulting, if vitality is mainly described as some sort of immanence. However, there is a Suarezian approach to vital actions that does not rely completely on the immanence and therefore allows to consider souls as efficient causes without turning their actions into natural. (shrink)

This paper reviews four attempts throughout the history of quantum mechanics to explicitly employ dispositional notions in order to solve the quantum paradoxes, namely: Margenau's latencies, Heisenberg's potentialities, Maxwell's propensitons, and the recent selective propensities interpretation of quantum mechanics. Difficulties and challenges are raised for all of them, and it is concluded that the selective propensities approach nicely encompasses the virtues of its predecessors. Finally, some strategies are discussed for reading similar dispositional notions into two other well-known interpretations of quantum (...) mechanics, namely the GRW interpretation and Bohmian mechanics. (shrink)

The discovery of antipsychotics and anti-depressants occurred when psychodynamic and phenomenological–anthropological approaches prevailed in psychiatry. Roland Kuhn personified that time as being one of the founders of Daseinsanalyse and also the discoverer of imipramine. Influenced by Binswanger and Scheler, Kuhn worked with the concept of “vital depressive disposition,” while emphasizing the preeminence of psychopathology over statistic methods. Consequently, he could not be satisfied with what he foresaw as “clouds of a coming disaster”:Since that time, there has been a worldwide use (...) of surveys, whose results are “exactly” tabulated with numbers, statistically evaluated, and represented in tables.... (shrink)

This study is an attempt to clarify Peirce's position as to the problem of universals by contrasting it with that of Duns Scotus. It aims to show that even thourgh Peirce claimed that he was following Scotus, there are certain marked differences between the two theories. The most important aspect of this, however, is the productive interplay between Peirce and scholastic realism, which yields some lines along which a certain "pragmatization" of the latter might be effected.

The following text is a concise narration of the construction of identities in the subordinate sectors of Colombia during the first half of the 20th century. We are mainly interested in the ‘collective identity’ as it deals with the cultural elements which give a sense of being part of a group and differentiate one from the other. Another important area that we want to explore is the subordinate sectors, wich comes from Antonio Gramsci’s conception on hegemony.

This paper argues for a broadly dispositionalist approach to the ontology of Bohmian mechanics . It first distinguishes the ‘minimal’ and the ‘causal’ versions of Bohm’s theory, and then briefly reviews some of the claims advanced on behalf of the ‘causal’ version by its proponents. A number of ontological or interpretive accounts of the wave function in BM are then addressed in detail, including configuration space, multi-field, nomological, and dispositional approaches. The main objection to each account is reviewed, namely the (...) ‘problem of perception’, the ‘problem of communication’, the ‘problem of temporal laws’, and the ‘problem of under-determination’. It is then shown that a version of dispositionalism overcomes the under-determination problem while providing neat solutions to the other three problems. A pragmatic argument is thus furnished for the use of dispositions in the interpretation of the theory more generally. The paper ends in a more speculative note by suggesting ways in which a dispositionalist interpretation of the wave function is in addition able to shed light upon some of the claims of the proponents of the causal version of BM. (shrink)

Résumé La question posée par Heidegger : « Comment Dieu entre-t-il dans la philosophie? » offre un cadre pour dégager quelques lignes directrices de la pensée de Josef Pieper. On tente ici de reconduire la philosophie à son étonnement initial, où se discernent une exigence de « ne rien négliger » et une approbation du monde.Heidegger’s question : “How does God enter philosophy?”, offers a frame for drawing some of the main lines of Josef Pieper’s thought. We try here to (...) lead philosophy back to its initial wonder, where may be discerned both a requirement to “neglect nothing” and an approval of the world. (shrink)

In this lecture I would like to show some of the principal characteristics about virtue in the Nicomachean Ethics, specifically I shall analyze books II and VI, where Aristotle defines the virtuous person as someone who has a disposition to make the right judgements as the φρόνιμος should have to do. I will try to determine what we mean exactly when we talk about the ethics of virtue. My aim is to reconstruct Aristotle’s picture of the rationality of action that (...) exists in the concept of virtue. For that reason I will explore the relations between virtue and others notions like: “phronēsis” (φρονήσις), the intellectual virtue (τῆς ρετὴς διανοητικῆς), the boulēsis (βούλησις), and the proairēsis (προαίρεσις). (shrink)

: This paper outlines a genuinely pragmatist conception of propensity, and defends it against common objections to the propensity interpretation of probability, prominently Humphreys’ paradox. The paper reviews the paradox and identifies one of its key assumptions, the identity thesis, according to which propensities are probabilities. The identity thesis is also involved in empiricist propensity interpretations deriving from Popper’s influential original proposal, and makes such interpretations untenable. As an alternative, I urge a return to Charles Peirce’s original insights on probabilistic (...) dispositions, and offer a reconstructed version of his pragmatist conception, which rejects the identity thesis. – Correspondence to: [email protected]. (shrink)

This article approaches the largely known four objections that Hegel held against Kant: the formalism of moral principle, the criticism of autonomy and formalism, the objection of the abstract universalism in Kant′s ethics, and the terrorism of the pure reason. The purpose is to determine the extent of these objections in front of Kant′s critical thought. At the end of the text, I will support that in spite of different misunderstandings about Kant′s ethics; however Hegel inherited us a great lesson (...) that even crosses the contemporary ethical thought: the radical contraposition between justice (virtue) and the Sittlichkeit (the concrete and effective ethics) that leads us to the loss of the basic moral phenomenon. (shrink)

The aim of the article is to show that Friedrich Schleiermacher’s Hermeneutic method is still topical andrelevant for research in the field of humanities. One of the arguments is that most of recent commentarieson his hermeneutic program are based in a “non-critical position” and reproduce the assumptions of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s “dominant reading”. This is the consequence of a lack of “critical editions” of the work ofSchleiermacher regarding Hermeneutics, an issue that has recently been compensated for with the publication of the (...) volume that collects his Vorlesungen zur Hermeneutik und Kritik, which includes numerous notes and additional material. Based on this critical edition, the article addresses some of his most important concepts, such as language, grammatical interpretation, technical or psychological interpretation, divinatory method, comparative method, hermeneutic circle of understanding, reconstruction of discourse, and interpretation as aninfinite task. It undertakes a conceptual analysis of the aforementioned collection and an interpretation that is not undermined by classical works of Hermeneutics. Finally, it offers some remarks regarding the novel possibilities of Schleiermacher’s philosophy for our time. (shrink)

Kant no es considerado, generalmente, un filósofo político. Las obras de la razón crítica de Kant han sido asumidas como la parte más importante de su pensamiento. De tal manera que los especialistas han centrado sus investigaciones en la razón teórica de Kant y en su aproximación metafísica a la moralidad. Este artículo expone las relaciones entre tres conceptos básicos del pensamiento político de Kant: conflicto, libertad y sociedad civil. Sin embargo, el objetivo es mostrar como el punto de vista (...) político subsume la perspectiva moral, histórica y jurídica. (shrink)

Tradicionalmente la ética kantiana ha sido definida como una ética que asume una posición deontológica fuerte en la que las ideas de bien se sacrifican en relación con las ideas de la justicia. Mi objetivo en este ensayo es realizar un análisis del concepto buena voluntad en la Fundamentación de la Metafísica de las Costumbres, con el ánimo de explorar los límites del concepto de lo correcto en su interior. Asimismo, examinaré las razones que Kant argumenta para instaurar la prioridad (...) de la justicia. Pienso que después de analizar estos límites es posible ver con mayor claridad que la primacía de la justicia no implica necesariamente el sacrificio del bienestar del sujeto. (shrink)